basics

  • 测试的代码文件和源代码文件在同一目录下, 名称为xxx_test.go，比如测试fib.go文件，则测试文件为fib_test.go

  • 测试函数名称为func TestXXX(t *testing.T)

  • 使用测试用例表是测试代码更整洁

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func TestYourFunc(t *testing.T) {
    cases := []struct{
        intput int
        result int
    }{
        {
            0,
            0,
        }
        {
            1,
            2,
        },
        ...
    }

    for _, c := range cases {
        result := YourFunc(c.input)
        if result != c.result {
            t.Errorf("Expect: %d, get: %d\n", c.result, result)
        }
    }
}

性能测试

  • 在测试代码中以func BenchmarkYourFunc(b *testing.B)开头

example

现在有一个测试计算第n个fib数的函数

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package gotest

import (
	"fmt"
)

// MyFib 计算第n个斐波那契数
// https://www.wikiwand.com/zh/%E6%96%90%E6%B3%A2%E9%82%A3%E5%A5%91%E6%95%B0%E5%88%97
func MyFib(n int) (int32, error) {
	if n < 0 {
		return -1, fmt.Errorf("n is negtive")
	}

	fibNumbers := []int32{0, 1, 1}

	if n <= 2 {
		return fibNumbers[n], nil
	}

	return fib(n, fibNumbers), nil
}

func fib(n int, nums []int32) int32 {
	switch n {
	case 0, 1, 2:
		return nums[n]
	default:
		return fib(n-1, nums) + fib(n-2, nums)
	}
}

fib_test.go

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package gotest

import (
	"testing"
)

func TestMyFib(t *testing.T) {
	cases := []struct {
		n      int
		result int32
	}{
		{
			0,
			0,
		},
		{
			1,
			1,
		},
		{
			2,
			1,
		},
		{
			3,
			2,
		},
		{
			4,
			3,
		},
		{
			5,
			5,
		},
		{
			10,
			55,
		},
		{
			20,
			6765,
		},
	}

	_, err := MyFib(-1)
	if err == nil {
		t.Errorf("error should not be nil\n")
	}

	for _, c := range cases {
		result, err := MyFib(c.n)
		if err != nil {
			t.Errorf("MyFib error: %v\n", err)
		}

		t.Logf("result: %d\n", result)

		if result != c.result {
			t.Errorf("expected %d, get: %d\n", c.result, result)
		}
	}
}

func BenchmarkMyFib5(b *testing.B) {
	for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
		MyFib(5)
	}
}

func BenchmarkMyFib10(b *testing.B) {
	for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
		MyFib(10)
	}
}

func BenchmarkMyFib20(b *testing.B) {
	for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
		MyFib(20)
	}
}

func BenchmarkMyFib30(b *testing.B) {
	for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
		MyFib(30)
	}
}

go test 测试结果

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go test
PASS
ok      golangtest/gotest       0.007s

go test -v

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go test -v
=== RUN   TestMyFib
--- PASS: TestMyFib (0.00s)
        fib_test.go:57: result: 0
        fib_test.go:57: result: 1
        fib_test.go:57: result: 1
        fib_test.go:57: result: 2
        fib_test.go:57: result: 3
        fib_test.go:57: result: 5
        fib_test.go:57: result: 55
        fib_test.go:57: result: 6765
PASS
ok      golangtest/gotest       0.007s

测试覆盖率

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go test -cover
PASS
coverage: 100.0% of statements
ok      golangtest/gotest       0.007s

性能测试

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go test -bench=.
goos: darwin
goarch: amd64
pkg: golangtest/gotest
BenchmarkMyFib5-8       50000000                36.0 ns/op
BenchmarkMyFib10-8       3000000               434 ns/op
BenchmarkMyFib20-8         30000             53466 ns/op
BenchmarkMyFib30-8           200           6580229 ns/op
PASS
ok      golangtest/gotest       7.697s

指定测试匹配名称的函数

go test -run=FuncName

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go test -bench=BenchmarkMyFib20
goos: darwin
goarch: amd64
pkg: golangtest/gotest
BenchmarkMyFib20-8         30000             53025 ns/op
PASS
ok      golangtest/gotest       2.110s